Infrastructure-less positioning systems do not require any infrastructure (e.g., special hardware in a building). The efficiencies of indoor and outdoor positioning systems differ greatly from each other, due to the fact that indoor surrounding areas raise a challenge for position finding, especially for systems based on wireless technologies, because of factors, such as: signal scattering and attenuation due to the high density of obstacles, multipath reflections from walls and furniture or Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS). ![]() A wide range of technologies is used for positioning they can be classified into outdoor, indoor, infrastructure-less and infrastructure-based systems. Location sensing systems have become popular and emerged as a vital research area in recent years therefore, research and commercial products have been developed in academic and industrial contexts. Nowadays, the accurate localization of a user or an object is indispensable for Location-Based Services (LBS), such as asset tracking, inventory management or routing and navigation. The platform architecture is designed, implemented and evaluated on the basis of two positioning systems: a field strength system and a time of arrival-based positioning system. Furthermore, the position is computed on a low-cost device such as a microcontroller, which simultaneously performs additional tasks such as data collecting or preprocessing based on an operating system. Therefore, we propose a platform architecture that enables the design of a system with the reusability of the components, extensibility (e.g., with other positioning technologies) and interoperability. ![]() ![]() In addition, the calculation of the position on low-cost and resource-constrained devices presents a challenge due to the limited computing, storage capacity, as well as power supply. The decentralized processing of a position enables pushing the application-level knowledge into a mobile station and avoids the communication with a central unit such as a server or a base station. A platform architecture for positioning systems is essential for the realization of a flexible localization system, which interacts with other systems and supports various positioning technologies and algorithms.
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